| formalism | a system of rules and symbols used to represent concepts in a precise and unambiguous way | structured system | 형식주의, 형식 체계 |
| disjoint | not connected or related | separate | 분리된, 연결되지 않은 |
| caveat | a warning or cautionary detail to consider | warning | 경고, 주의 사항 |
| instantaneous | happening immediately | immediate | 즉각적인, 순간적인 |
| dweller | a person or animal that lives in a specific place | inhabitant | 거주자, 주민 |
| scanty | insufficient in quantity or quality | meager | 부족한, 빈약한 |
| synthesize | to combine different elements to form a coherent whole | combine | 합성하다, 종합하다 |
| angstrom | a unit of length equal to one ten-billionth of a meter, used to measure very small distances | unit of length | 옹스트롬 (10억분의 1미터) |
| treaty | a formal agreement between two or more countries | agreement | 조약, 협정 |
| entice | to attract or tempt by offering something desirable | attract | 유혹하다, 꾀다 |
| simplistic | treating complex issues in an overly simple way | oversimplified | 지나치게 단순화된 |
| Event Calculus | a formalism for representing and reasoning about events and their effects over time | temporal reasoning system | 이벤트 연산 |
| reify | to make something abstract more concrete or real | concretize | 구체화하다, 실체화하다 |
| reification | the process of making an abstract concept more concrete or real | concretization | 구체화, 실체화 |
| cease | to stop or bring to an end | stop | 중단하다, 멈추다 |
| exogenous | originating from outside a system | external | 외부의, 외생적인 |
| reign | to hold royal office; to rule as a monarch | rule | 통치하다, 군림하다 |
| obscured | hidden or made less visible | hidden | 가려진, 숨겨진 |
| by virtue of | because of; as a result of | because of | ~덕분에, ~때문에 |
| semidecidable | a property of a problem where a solution can be verified if given, but not necessarily found | partially decidable | 반결정 문제 |
| singly | one at a time; individually | one at a time | 하나씩, 개별적으로 |
| negate | to nullify or make ineffective | nullify | 부정하다, 무효화하다 |
| subsumption | the process of including one concept within another, more general concept | inclusion | 포섭, 포함 |
| thrust | the main idea, subject, or opinion that is discussed or written about | main idea | 요지, 핵심 |
| tractability | the quality of being easy to manage or deal with | manageability | 계산 가능성 |
| resolvent | a clause derived from two clauses containing complementary literals, used in resolution-based theorem proving | derived clause | 해석자, 해결책 |
| propositionalzation | the process of converting first-order logic statements into propositional logic statements | conversion to propositional logic | 명제화 |
| transduction | the process of converting one form of data into another | data conversion | 변환, 전환 |
| transductive learning | a type of machine learning where the model makes predictions on specific test cases based on the training data, rather than generalizing to unseen data | case-based learning | 전이 학습 |
| representation | the way in which information or knowledge is structured and organized | depiction | 표현, 나타냄 |
| dispense | the act of distributing or providing something | distribution | 분배, 제공 |
| factor | to break down a problem into smaller, more manageable parts | breakdown | 분해하다 |
| inherently | in a way that is a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute | intrinsically | 본질적으로, 내재적으로 |
| preclude | to prevent something from happening or to make it impossible | prevent | 배제하다, 막다 |
| integral | necessary to make a whole complete; essential | essential | 필수적인, 완전한 |
| eschew | to deliberately avoid or abstain from something | avoid | 피하다, 삼가다 |
| logarithmically | in a way that relates to logarithms or logarithmic functions | in terms of logarithms | 로그적으로 |
| counteract | to act in opposition to something to reduce its effect | oppose | 대응하다, 반작용하다 |
| point-wise | applying a function or operation to each individual element separately | individually | 점별로, 개별적으로 |
| tedious | too long, slow, or dull; tiresome or monotonous | boring | 지루한, 따분한 |
| multiplicative | relating to multiplication or the process of multiplying | relating to multiplication | 곱셈의, 증가하는 |
| leftward | moving or directed to the left | to the left | 왼쪽으로 |
| recurrence | the act of returning or happening again | return | 재발, 반복 |
| sinusoid | a mathematical curve that describes a smooth, periodic oscillation | wave-like curve | 사인 곡선 |
| desideratum | something that is desired or wanted | desired thing | 바람직한 것, 필요조건 |
| contiguous | sharing a common border; touching | adjacent | 인접한, 접촉하는 |
| dilated | made larger or expanded | expanded | 확장된, 팽창된 |
| exhibit | to show or display something publicly | display | 전시하다, 나타내다 |
| regime | a system or planned way of doing things, especially one imposed from above | system | 체제, 제도 |
| perplexity | a state of confusion or uncertainty | confusion | 당혹, 혼란 |
| reliance | dependence on or trust in someone or something | dependence | 의존, 신뢰 |
