21 posts tagged with "ielts"

Task1​

The line graph below shows the percentage of households with internet access in three countries (Canada, India, and Nigeria) from 2015 to 2020.

The line graph illustrates the proportion of households with internet access in Canada, India, and Nigeria from 2015 to 2020. Overall, all three countries experienced an upward trend in internet access, with Canada maintaining the highest levels, while Nigeria had the lowest throughout the period.

In 2015, Canada had the highest percentage of households with internet access at 80%, rising steadily to 90% by 2020. India started at 20% in 2015 and saw a consistent increase, reaching 45% by 2020. Nigeria, with the lowest initial access at 10%, grew to 25% over the same period.

Canada's internet penetration was significantly higher than that of India and Nigeria, reflecting its advanced infrastructure. India's growth rate was notable, doubling its percentage over five years, indicating rapid digital expansion. Nigeria, while showing progress, remained considerably behind, likely due to economic and infrastructural constraints. These trends highlight disparities in technological development across the countries, with Canada leading and Nigeria lagging.

Task2​

The increasing use of social media among young people has raised concerns about its impact on mental health. What are the main causes of this issue, and what measures can be taken to address it?

The growing prevalence of social media among young people has sparked concerns about its detrimental effects on mental health. This essay will explore the primary causes of this issue and propose effective solutions to mitigate its impact.

One major cause is the pressure to conform to idealized online personas. Social media platforms often showcase curated lifestyles, leading to comparison and feelings of inadequacy among young users. For instance, exposure to influencers' polished images can trigger low self-esteem or anxiety. Additionally, excessive screen time, particularly late at night, disrupts sleep patterns, exacerbating stress and metal fatigue. Cyberbullying is another significant factor, as negative comments or harassment online can profoundly affect emotional well-being, especially among adolescents.

To address these issues, educational initiatives should be implemented to promote digital literacy. Schools could teach young people to critically evaluate social media content and recognize its artificial nature, reducing the urge to compare. For example, programs in Australia have successfully integrated media literacy into curricula, fostering healthier online habits. Governments and platforms should also enforce stricter anti-cyberbullying measures, such as real-time moderation and reporting systems. Furthermore, parents and schools can encourage balanced screen time by promoting offline activities, such as sports or hobbies, to enhance mental resilience.

In conclusion, social media's impact on young people's mental health stems from comparison, excessive use, and cyberbullying. By fostering digital literacy, strengthening platform regulations, and encouraging offline engagement, societies can alleviate these effects, ensuring young people maintain healthier relationships with social media.

Vocabulary & Expressions​

Term/Expression	Definition	Simpler Paraphrase
prominence	The state of being important or noticeable	Importance
conform	To comply with rules or standards	Follow
detrimental	Causing harm or damage	Harmful
exacerbating	Making a problem or situation worse	Worsening
resilience	The ability to recover quickly from difficulties	Strength
alleviate	To make something less severe or intense	Reduce
penetration	The extent to which something is adopted or spread	Spread
disparities	Significant differences or inequalities	Gaps

Task1​

The pie charts below show the distribution of household expenditure in four categories (housing, food, transport, and other) in a country in 2015 and 2020.

2015 (%)	2020 (%)

The pie charts illustrate the distribution of household expenditure across four categories-housing, food, transport, and other-in a country in 2015 and 2020. Overall, there was a noticeable shift in spending patterns, with food and transport increasing in proportion while housing and other expenses declined.

In 2015, housing accounted for the largest share at 35% followed by food at 25%, and both transport and other categories at 20% each. By 2020, food expenditure rose to 30%, equalling housing, which decreased to 30%. Transport expenditure increased to 25%, while the "other" category saw a reduction to 15%.

The most significant change was the 5-percentage-point increase in food expenditure, reflecting its growing importance in household budgets. Transport also gained prominence, rising by 5 percentage points, whereas housing lost its dominant position. The decline in the "other" category suggests a reallocation of funds toward essential expenses, likely driven by economic or lifestyle changes over the five-year period.

Task2​

Some people believe that governments should invest heavily in public transportation to reduce traffic congestion and pollution. Others argue that improving road infrastructure is a more effective solution. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

The debate over whether governments should prioritize public transportation or road infrastructure to address traffic congestion and pollution is multifaceted. Both approaches have merit, but their effectiveness depends on context. This essay will discuss both perspectives and present my own view.

Advocates of public transportation argue that it offers a sustainable solution to urban challenges. Efficient systems like buses, trains, and subways can transport large numbers of people, reducing the number of private vehicles on roads. For instance, cities like Tokyo have invested in extensive metro systems, significantly lowering per-capita emissions and easing traffic flow. Public transport is also more accessible to lower-income groups, promoting social equity. Furthermore, modern electric buses and trains can substantially reduce pollution, aligning with environmental goals.

Conversely, proponents of road infrastructure improvements argue that better roads enhance traffic efficiency. Widening highways, building flyovers, or implementing smart traffic systems can alleviate bottlenecks, as seen in cities like Dubai, where advanced road networks reduce travel times. Critics of public transport investments note that such projects are costly and time-consuming, and may not address immediate congestion issues in rapidly growing urban areas.

In my opinion, investing in public transportation is more effective in the long term. It addresses both congestion and pollution while promoting sustainable urban development. However, strategic road improvements can complement these efforts, particularly in areas with limited public transport infrastructure. A balanced approach, prioritizing public transport with targeted road enhancements, offers the most holistic solution to urban mobility challenges.

Task1​

The table below shows the percentage of households with internet access in four regions for the years 2010, 2015 and 2020, and the overall change between 2010 and 2020.

Region	2010 (%)	2015 (%)	2020 (%)	Change (%)
North America	65	80	92	+27
Europe	58	75	89	+31
Asia	42	60	75	+33
Sub-Saharan Africa	15	30	48	+33

The table compares household internet access rates in four regions-North America, Europe, Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa across 2010, 2015 and 2020, and shows the percentage-point change over the decade. Overall, all regions experienced substantial increases, with Asis and Sub-Saharan Africa recording the largest gains.

In 2010, North America led with 65% access, rising to 92% by 2020, a change of +27 points. Europe followed, increasing from 58% to 89% (+31). Asia saw access climb from 42% to 75% (+33), matching Sub-Saharan Africa's growth, which rose from a low base of 15% to 48% (+33). By 2020, the gap between the highest and lowest regions had narrowed from 50 points in 2010 to 44 points.

The data indicates that developing regions made the most rapid progress, likely due to infrastructure investments and policy initiatives promoting connectivity. In contrast, advanced regions like North America and Europe showed more modest absolute increases, as they began from higher starting points. In summary, while all regions improved, the greatest relative expansion occurred where initial access was lowest.

Task2​

Some people believe that learning computer programming should be a compulsory part of the school curriculum. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

While computer programming offers clear benefits, I disagree that it should be compulsory for all school students. Mandating coding risks overloading curricula, may not suit every leaner, and could divert attention from equally vital subjects.

Firstly, a one-size-fits-all approach can overwhelm students whose strengths lie elsewhere. Not every child has an aptitude for abstract, logical thinking required in programming. Forcing all pupils to learn to code may discourage those who would excel in areas such as the arts, humanities or languages, thereby stifling diverse talents.

Secondly, curriculum time is finite. Introducing compulsory coding would necessitate reducing hours for other core subjects-such as literature, history or the natural sciences-which cultivate critical cultural awareness and scientific literacy. These disciplines are essential for fostering well-rounded individuals and informed citizens.

Finally, effective programming instruction requires skilled teachers and up-to-date resources. Many schools, particularly in under-resourced areas, lack qualified computer science educators and sufficient technological infrastructure. Compulsory coding risks creating superficial, checkbox-style lessons that fail to develop genuine proficiency.

In conclusion, although programming is a valuable skill in our digital age, it should remain an optional subject. Allowing students to choose based on their interests and strengths preserves curriculum balance and respects individual aptitudes, leading to better educational outcomes overall.

Vocabulary & Expressions​

Term/Expression	Definition	Simpler Paraphrase
A one-size-fits-all	Designed to apply universally without variation	Same for everyone
Abstract thinking	Thinking about ideas and concepts rather than concrete facts	Thinking about ideas
Stifling	Preventing growth or development	Holding back
Finite	Having limits or an end	Limited
Cultural awareness	Understanding and appreciation of different cultures	Knowing about other cultures
Up-to-date	Modern; using the latest information or technology	Current
Checkbox-style lessons	Superficial teaching that merely fulfils a requirement	Lessons done just to tick a box
Educational outcomes	The results or achievements of learning	Learning results

Task1​

The bar chart below shows the average number of hours per day different age groups spent on screen-based devices in 2024.

The bar chart presents data on the average daily screen time across six age groups in 2024. It is evident that younger individuals spent significantly more time on screens than older age groups.

The highest screen usage was recorded among those aged 10-19, who spent an average of 7.5 hours daily. This figure gradually declined with age: 20-29-year-olds averaged 6.8 hours, while 30-39-year-olds spent around 5.4 hours. The 40-49 age group logged 4.1 hours, and screen time dropped further to 3.2 hours for those aged 50-59. The lowest figure was among those aged 60 and above, with just 2 hours per day.

The data indicates a clear inverse relationship between age and screen usage. Younger age groups particularly teenagers and young adults, are the most active digital users, like due to social media, entertainment, and education-related activities. In contrast, older generations tend to have less engagement with digital devices.

In summary, screen time is strongly age-dependent, with usage decreasing steadily as age increases.

Task2​

Some people believe that the internet has brought people closer together, while others think that it has made people more isolated. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

The internet is often hailed as a tool that connects people across the globe. However, while some argue that it fosters closeness, others believe it has led to greater social isolation. Both perspectives hold merit, but I personally believe the internet has overall brought people closer together.

Proponents of the internet's social benefits point to the ease of communication. Video calls, messaging apps, and social media allow people to stay connected with family and friends regardless of distance. In addition, online communities can offer support for individuals with shared interests or rare conditions, especially those who might struggle with in-person interactions.

Conversely, critics argue that digital communication has replaced face-to-face interaction. They claim that excessive use of social media may result in superficial relationships, reduced empathy, and a decline in real-world social skills. Furthermore, people who spend long hours online may neglect relationships in their immediate environment.

In my opinion, the key lies in how the internet is used. When leveraged wisely, it enhances human connection by bridging geographical gaps and providing new forms of interaction. However, overreliance on online communication at the expense of physical presence can lead to emotional distance.

In conclusion, while the internet can potentially isolate individuals, its overall effect has been to bring people closer-provided it is used to complement, rather than replace, real-life relationships.

Vocabulary & Expressions​

Term / Expression	Definition	Simpler Paraphrase
Inverse relationship	When one value increases as the other decreases	One goes up, the other goes down
Digital users	People who frequently use digital devices or the internet	People who use screens or the web
Hailed as	Praised or described as	Called or celebrated as
Superficial relationships	Connections lacking depth or sincerity	Shallow friendships
Leverage	To use something to maximum advantage	Make good use of something
At the expense of	Causing harm to something in order to benefit another	While hurting something else
Emotional distance	Lack of emotional closeness between people	Feeling far from someone emotionally

Task1​

The line graph shows the percentage of the population using renewable energy between 2010 and 2020.

The line graph illustrates the proportion of the population using renewable energy over an 11-year period from 2010 to 2020. Overall, there was a consistent upward trend throughout the decade.

In 2010, only 12% of the population used renewable energy sources. This figure rose steadily, reaching 18% by 2013 and surpassing 30% by 2017. The increase continued more sharply from 2018 onwards, culminating in 40% usage by 2020. The largest annual growth occurred between 2019 and 2010.

The graph suggests that public adoption of renewable energy gained momentum, likely due to technological improvements, government incentives, and increased environmental awareness. By the end of the period, more than triple the number of people used clean energy compared to 2010, highlighting a substantial behavioral shift in energy consumption.

Task2​

Some people believe that online education is as effective as traditional classroom learning. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

With the rise of digital platforms, online education has gained significant popularity. While some argue that it matches traditional learning in quality, other remain skeptical. I believe that while online learning offers valuable flexibility, it is not yet a full substitute for classroom-based education.

One major strength of online education is accessibility. Students from remote or underserved areas can access high-quality resources without the need to travel. In addition, digital platforms often allow learners to progress at their own pace and review material repeatedly, which can enhance understanding.

However, traditional classrooms offer vital social and interactive components that online platforms often lack. Real-time discussions, immediate feedback from teachers, and group activities foster deeper engagement and critical thinking. Furthermore, hands-on subjects such as science or art often require physical presence and equipment, which are difficult to replicate virtually.

In my opinion, a blended model that incorporates both formats is the most effective. Online tools cna supplement in-person instruction, offering convenience while maintaining academic rigor and interpersonal interaction.

In conclusion, although online education has considerable advantages, it cannot entirely replace the rich, dynamic experience of traditional classrooms. A hybrid approach is likely to yield the best educational outcomes.

Vocabulary & Expressions​

Term / Expression	Definition	Simpler Paraphrase
Consistent upward trend	A steady and ongoing increase	Keeps going up
Culminating	Reaching the highest point	Ending at a peak
Gained momentum	Increased in speed or importance	Grew faster
Blended model	A mix of online and in-person learning	Combining both ways
Hands-on subjects	Courses that involve physical activity or tools	Practical subjects
Academic rigor	High standards and thorough learning	Serious and deep study
Substitute	Something that replaces another	A replacement

Task1​

The pie chart above shows the primary reasons why people chose to work remotely in 2024. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The pie chart illustrates the main factors influencing people's decision to work remotely in 2024. The data reveals that work-life balance and reduced commuting time were the most cited reasons.

Work-life balance accounted for 30% of the responses, making it the leading factor. This was followed closely by the desire to avoid commuting, which represented 25%. Increased productivity was the third most common reason, at 20%, while health and safety concerns contributes to 15% of responses. Finally, flexible working hours were cited by 10% of participants.

The data shows a clear trend toward personal convenience and well-being. The top of three reasons-balance, commute, and productivity-collectively represent 75% of the motivations, indicating a preference for conditions that enhance individual efficiency and lifestyle. Health-related concerns, while significant during global health crises, appear less dominant in 2024, suggesting a shift in focus from safety to sustained comfort and autonomy.

In conclusion, the chart underscores the growing importance of quality of life and flexibility in shaping modern work preferences.

Task2​

Some people think it is more important to focus on the present, while others believe planning for the future is essential Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

There is an ongoing debate over whether people should prioritize living in the moment or concentrate on future planning. While present-focused individuals argue for making the most of today, others maintain that long-term thinking is vital for success. I believe both perspectives have merit and should be balanced.

Advocates of living in the present argue that focusing on the now enhances happiness and reduces anxiety. They contend that excessive worry about the future can lead to missed opportunities and mental stress. Mindfulness practices, which encourage awareness of the present moment, have been shown to improve emotional well-being and foster gratitude.

In contrast, those who support planning ahead believe that setting goals and preparing for possible challenges ensures greater stability. Financial planning, career development, and health maintenance all require foresight. Without long-term thinking, people may struggle tot achieve lasting success or face avoidable setbacks.

In my view, the most effective approach integrates both attitudes. While it is essential to enjoy and engage with daily life, planning for the future provides direction and security. For example, saving money for retirement does not prevent someone from enjoying today's experiences, but rather ensures peace of mind in the long run.

In conclusion, while it is beneficial to embrace the present, neglecting future planning can lead to adverse consequences. A balanced mindset that values both present enjoyment and future preparedness is key to a fulfilling life.

Vocabulary & Expressions​

Term / Expression	Definition	Simpler Paraphrase
Work-life balance	Maintaining a healthy separation between job and personal time	Equal time for work and rest
Sustained comfort	Long-lasting ease or convenience	Ongoing comfort
Mindfulness	Awareness of the present moment without judgment	Being focused on now
Foresight	The ability to predict or prepare for future needs	Planning ahead
Setbacks	Difficulties or delays that stop progress	Problems that slow you down
Peace of mind	A feeling of calm and security	Feeling relaxed and safe
Balanced mindset	A way of thinking that includes multiple perspectives	Thinking in a fair, smart way

Task1​

The bar chart above shows the installed renewable energy capacity (in gigawatts) by source in Country Z in 2023.

The bar chart compares the installed renewable energy capacity of five sources in Country Z in 2023. It is evident that hydro power leads significantly, whereas geothermal contributes the least.

Hydro energy accounts for the largest capacity at 80 GW. Wind follows with 60 GW, and solar stands at 45 Gw. Biomass has a modest capacity of 20 GW, while geothermal sits at 10 GW, the smallest share. Overall, hydro capacity is four times that of geothermal and double that of wind, indicating a heavy reliance on water-based power generation.

The disparity among success suggests strategic priorities and resource availability. Country Z's abundant river systems likely facilitate extensive hydro installations. Meanwhile, moderate wind and solar capacities reflect ongoing investments, and lower biomass and geothermal figures may be due to technological or geographical constraints. In summary, although Country Z is diversifying its renewable portfolio, the energy mix remains dominated by hydropower.

Task2​

Some people believe that governments should prioritize investing in public parks and green spaces to enhance urban living, while others argue that funds should be allocated to infrastructure such as roads and public transport. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Urban planners often debate the allocation of municipal funds between green spaces and infrastructure development. Advocates of public parks emphasize health and environmental benefits, whereas proponents of roads and transit prioritize economic growth and mobility. I maintain that a balanced approach best serves urban populations.

Supporters of green spaces argue that parks improve air quality, reduce urban heat islands, and provide recreational areas crucial for physical and mental well-being. Studies show access to green spaces correlates with lower stress levels and enhanced community cohesion. Additionally, urban greenery can support biodiversity and stormwater management.

Conversely, those favouring infrastructure investments contend that efficient roads and public transport systems drive economic activity, reduce congestion, and enhance accessibility. Well-maintained transport networks facilitate commerce and connect residential areas with employment hubs. In rapidly growing cities, inadequate infrastructure can stifle productivity and exacerbate social inequalities.

I believe integrating both objectives yields optimal outcomes. Cities should designate sufficient areas for parks while simultaneously upgrading transport corridors. For example, linear greenaways alongside bike lanes and bus rapid transit can merge recreational and mobility functions. Such hybrid developments exemplify how urban design can promote sustainability without sacrificing efficiency.

In conclusion, although public parks and infrastructure serve different needs, their benefits are complementary. Thoughtful urban planning that blends green and built environments will foster healthier, more dynamic

Vocabulary & Expressions​

Term / Expression	Definition	Simpler Paraphrase
Disparity	A noticeable difference	A clear gap
Hydropower	Power generated from moving water	Water-based energy
Geographical constraints	Limitations due to location or landscape	Location-based restrictions
Urban heat islands	Cities that are significantly warmer than surrounding areas	City areas that get hotter
Biodiversity	Variety of plant and animal life	Different types of life
Mobility	Ability to move or be moved freely	Ease of movement
Hybrid developments	Projects combining two different functions	Mixed-use projects

Task1​

The pie chart below shows the distribution of employment sectors among university graduates in Country X in 2024.

The pie chart illustrates the proportion of university graduates working in various employment sectors in Country X in 2024. Overall, the technology sector attracted the highest number of graduates, while the arts and media field employed the fewest.

Specifically, 28% of graduates were employed in the technology sector, making it the most popular field. Education and healthcare followed with 22% and 20%, respectively. The finance sector employed 18% of graduates, whereas the smallest proportion - 12% - pursued careers in arts and media.

These figures suggest a strong preference among graduates for fields offering stability and growth opportunities. Technology's dominance reflects global demand for digital skills, while healthcare and education remain essential services. The lower percentage in arts and media may be due to fewer job openings or perceived job insecurity.

In summary, most university graduates in Country X are entering high-demand, service-oriented fields, indicating current trends in both education and labour market preferences.

Task2​

Some people think that the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in workplaces is beneficial, while others believe it may have negative effects on employment and society. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked debates about its impact on employment and society. While some welcome AI for its efficiency and innovation, others express concern over job displacement and ethical implications. I believe that with careful management, AI can offer more advantages than drawbacks.

However, critics highlight the risks of widespread automation. Many fear that AI could replace workers in sectors such as manufacturing, retail, and transportation, leading to increased unemployment and inequality. Ethical concerns also arise, particularly around data privacy and decision-making transparency.

In my view, the solution lies in regulation and adaption. Governments should implement policies that retrain displaced workers and ensure AI technologies are used responsibly. Education systems must evolve to prepare future generations with skills that complement AI, such as critical thinking, creativity, and emotional intelligence.

In conclusion, while AI presents legitimate challenges, its benefits can outweigh the risks if approached thoughtfully. Societies that invest in inclusive, forward-thinking policies will be best positioned to thrive in an AI-integrated future.

Vocabulary & Expressions​

Term / Expression	Definition	Simpler Paraphrase
Displacement	Being replaced or moved out of a role	Losing one’s job
Diagnostics	Identifying the nature of a medical problem	Finding out what illness someone has
Optimize	Make something work as well as possible	Make better
Ethical concerns	Worries about right and wrong	Moral worries
Decision-making transparency	How clear and open the process of making choices is	Easy to see how decisions are made
Forward-thinking	Planning for the future with new ideas	Thinking ahead in a smart way
Emotional intelligence	The ability to understand and manage emotions	Handling emotions well

Task1​

The line graph above shows the percentage of the global population with access to clean drinking water from 2010 to 2020.

The line graph illustrates the worldwide increase in access to clean drinking water between 2010 and 2020. Overall, there was a steady upward trend, with access rising from 82% to 95% over the decade.

In 2010, approximately 82% of the global population had access to clean water. This figure climbed gradually, reaching 85% in 2012 and 89% by 2014. From 2015 onwards, the increase was more moderate but consistent, with rates of 90% in 2015, 92% in 2017 and ultimately 95% in 2020. The most significant annual gain occurred between 2010 and 011, where access rose by 2 percentage points.

The data reflects successful international efforts, such as the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal to ensure water and sanitation for all. Despite progress, the graph indicates that 5% of the population still lacked access by 2020, underscoring ongoing challenges related to infrastructure and resource allocation.

Task2​

Some people believe that governments should invest heavily in space exploration, whereas others think those funds are better spent on solving problems on Earth. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

The debase over funding space exploration versus addressing terrestrial issues has persisted for decades. Advocates of outer space research argue it drives scientific breakthroughs, while critics assert that immediate needs on Earth warrant priority. I contend that a balanced allocation is crucial.

Proponents of space programmes emphasize technological innovation. Missions to the Moon and Mars foster advancements in robotics, materials science, and telecommunications, with downstream benefits such as improved medical imaging and environmental monitoring. Furthermore, space exploration inspires future generations in STEM fields and enhances global collaboration on ambitious projects.

Conversely, opponents argue that pressing problems-such as poverty, climate change, and healthcare-demand urgent resources. With millions lacking basic necessities, critics contend that government budgets should focus on public welfare rather than uncertain extraterrestrial ventures. They point out that excessive spending on space could exacerbate social inequalities and delay solutions to environmental crises.

In my view, governments should maintain robust support for both domains. A fixed percentage of the budget could be earmarked for space research, ensuring continued innovation, while the remainder addresses critical Earth-bound challenges. Collaborative initiatives, like using satellite technology for disaster relief, demonstrate the synergy between space and terrestrial goals.

In conclusion, space exploration and solving Earth's problems are not mutually exclusive. Through prudent budgeting and interdisciplinary projects, societies can advance scientific frontiers while safeguarding human welfare.

Vocabulary & Expressions​

Term / Expression	Definition	Simpler Paraphrase
Steady upward trend	A consistent increase over time	A continual rise
Infrastructure	Basic physical systems and facilities needed for society	Essential facilities
Terrestrial issues	Problems related to Earth	Earth-based problems
Extraterrestrial ventures	Projects or missions beyond Earth	Space missions
Downstream benefits	Positive effects that occur as a result of something else	Benefits that follow from it
Synergy	Interaction that produces a combined effect greater than parts	Working together for better results
Earmarked	Reserved for a specific purpose	Set aside
Interdisciplinary	Involving two or more academic disciplines or fields of study	Combining different areas of study

Task1​

The pie chart above shows the percentage distribution of energy sources in Country X in 2024.

The pie chart illustrates the proportions of different energy sources used in Country X in 2024. It is evident that fossil fuels still dominate the energy mix, although renewable and cleaner alternatives make up a substantial share.

Coal accounts for the largest portion of the energy supply at 34%, followed by natural gas at 25%. Combined, these two fossil fuels represent nearly 60% of total energy consumption. Nuclear power contributes 15%, offering a low-emission but non-renewable option. Hydropower and other renewable sources comprise the remainder, with 10% and 16% respectively.

The data highlights a gradual shift towards sustainable energy. Although coal remains the primary source, renewables slightly exceed nuclear energy in contribution. The presence of hydropower also reflects investment in low-impact infrastructure. However, the high reliance on coal and natural gas suggests the country may face challenges meeting long-term emission targets without significant policy changes.

Overall, while Country X has diversified its energy portfolio, fossil fuels continue to play a central role, indicating both progress and persistent dependence on conventional sources.

Task2​

Many people believe that economic growth should be the top priority for governments, while others argue that protecting the environment is more important. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Economic development and environmental conservation are often perceived as competing priorities for governments. While some advocate for policies that drive economic growth, others argue that environmental protection should come first. I believe a balanced approach is essential.

Supporters of economic growth argue that it is the foundation for national prosperity. Expanding industries create employment opportunities, raise living standards, and generate tax revenue that can be reinvested into social services. For developing countries especially, rapid economic expansion is crucial to reducing poverty and improving infrastructure. Proponents also contend that strong economies are better equipped to invest in environmental technologies over time.

In contrast, environmentalists emphasize the long-term consequences of unchecked growth. Industrial expansion often leads to deforestation, air and water pollution, and increased greenhouse gas emissions. These effects can undermine public health, deplete natural resources, and accelerate climate change. Critics warn that prioritizing economic gains without sustainability measures could lead to irreversible damage.

I believe governments should not view these goals as mutually exclusive. Instead, policies should aim for sustainable development-economic advancement that does not compromise the environment. Investments in green technology, eco-friendly infrastructure, and regulatory frameworks can stimulate the economy while safeguarding natural ecosystems. Countries like Sweden and Costa Rica exemplify how environmental and economic goals can coexist.

In conclusion, while economic growth is vital for national progress, it should not come at the expense of the environment. A sustainable, dual-focus strategy will yield more resilient and equitable outcomes in the long run.

Vocabulary & Expressions​

Term / Expression	Definition	Simpler Paraphrase
Diversified portfolio	A mix of different components (here, energy sources)	A mix of different types
Sustainable energy	Energy that doesn’t run out or harm the environment	Eco-friendly and renewable energy
Unchecked growth	Economic growth with no restrictions	Growth that isn’t controlled
Sustainable development	Growth that meets current needs without harming the future	Growth that doesn’t hurt the environment
Regulatory frameworks	Laws and policies that control activities	Rules made by the government
Mutually exclusive	Cannot happen at the same time	Can’t go together
Safeguarding	Protecting from harm	Keeping safe